Anyone?: A comparison of embodied actions during wait time in novice and experienced teacher’s classrooms

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Graduate School of Education::Working Papers in Educational Linguistics (WPEL)
Degree type
Discipline
Education
Linguistics
Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education
Subject
Multimodality
Silence
Wait time
IRF sequence
Novice teacher
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Copyright date
2025-06-30
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Author
Gabriel Ares
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Abstract

Novice teachers sometimes struggle to implement a recommended three second pause after initiating a question, a pedagogical tool known as wait time (Rowe, 1974), or thinking time, into their practice (Dukor & Holmberg, 2019). Even when they do, it does not always yield complex answers. In this comparative case study of novice and veteran teacher’s classrooms in a Teach For America summer training site, multimodal conversation analysis is employed to explore how embodied IRF sequences can interfere with, aid, and enhance wait time techniques. The research takes place in seventh and second grade classrooms. By asking, How do the embodied practices of novice and veteran teachers affect wait time? The research found that continued embodied sequences in periods of silence can interfere with wait time techniques, but intentional use of gesture during periods of silence can enhance student thinking.

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Issue 39
Publication date
2025-06-30
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Publisher
University of Pennsylvania
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Journal Issue
Spring 2025
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