Prosody Reveals Syntactic Structure: Secondary Predication in Finite Metrical Corpora
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Abstract
The mapping of syntax to prosody is regulated by correspondence requirements that hold between abstract syntactic structure and prosodic structure (Selkirk 2011, Elfner 2012, Ito and Master 2013, among others). Cross-linguistically, secondary predicates can be marked with special prosody indicative of their complex syntactic-semantic structure (Winkler 1997, Guzzo and Goad 2017). Serbian and Modern Irish provide two unique examples of this, demonstrating differential sentential stress and initial mutation application between secondary predicate and attributive adjectival constructions, respectively. In ancient languages with extant metrical corpora, prosodically marked structures are encoded via positions of isolation in a line (Hale and Kissock 2021). The goal of this paper is to demonstrate consistency in the distribution of secondary predicates in the RigVeda and the Homeric poems—secondary predicates are prosodically isolated structures, and are therefore prosodically marked. I show that the tendency to prosodically isolate secondary predicates in metrical texts is indicative of their treatment in non-metrical prose. I conclude that secondary predicates in the Vedic and Ancient Greek languages were prosodically marked structures with relative syntactic-semantic complexity, placing these languages into the cross-linguistic typology of secondary predication.