Motorcycles bring environmental and health harm. Many cities with high motorcycle ownership rates have been establishing or expanding mass rapid transit. Whether the metro system can lure existing motorcyclists is of great policy concern, and a common goal in metro investments besides traffic congestion alleviation is to stimulate the economy through reshaping urban development patterns. Literature suggests that motorcycle ownership is associated with socioeconomic conditions and the built environment and that increased transit presence is linked to reduced motorcycle ownership and use, but scholars disagree on transit’s ability to shift activities toward stations. This dissertation explores the relationship between the built environment and motorcycle travel and the metro effects on motorcycle travel and urban development between 2000 and 2009 in Taipei, Taiwan, one the earliest motorcycle-stressed cities to have adopted mass rapid transit. Regression analysis and an econometric method of causal inference are employed on data from the two most recent large-scale household travel surveys. Findings on the relationship between motorcycle travel and the built environment suggest: being farther from the central business district and from metro stations were correlated with higher household motorcycle ownership levels, likelihood of motorcycle mode choice, and household motorcycle vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT); higher population density is correlated with higher likelihood of motorcycle mode choice and household motorcycle VKT; and lower job density was correlated with higher household motorcycle ownership levels and household motorcycle VKT. Findings on the metro effects on motorcycle travel suggest that both new and older stations are effective in reducing the motorcycle mode choice odds relative to that of the metro for trips originating and motorcycle VKT of households located in their proximity. Lastly, findings on the metro effects on urban development suggest that neither new stations nor older ones affect population or job densities in their proximity. This dissertation argues for transit-oriented development and by-hour pricing of motorcycle parking. It fills gaps in knowledge by rejecting hypotheses about how the built environment and income are related to motorcycle travel, advancing transit-motorcycle research frontiers by examining a metro system, and contributing to a currently small literature on transit effects on employment.