Palmer, Martha
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Publication A Feature-Based Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar for Korean(2000-09-01) Han, Chung-hye; Yoon, Juntae; Kim, Nari; Palmer, MarthaThis document describes an on-going project of developing a grammar of Korean, the Korean XTAG grammar, written in the TAG formalism and implemented for use with the XTAG system enriched with a Korean morphological analyzer. The Korean XTAG grammar described in this report is based on the TAG formalism (Joshi et al. (1975)), which has been extended to include lexicalization (Schabes et al. (1988)), and unification-based feature structures (Vijay-Shanker and Joshi (1991)). The document first describes the modifications that we have made to the XTAG system (The XTAG-Group (1998)) to handle rich inflectional morphology in Korean. Then various syntactic phenomena that can be currently handled are described, including adverb modification, relative clauses, complex noun phrases, auxiliary verb constructions, gerunds and adjunct clauses. The work reported here is a first step towards the development of an implemented TAG grammar for Korean, which is continuously updated with the addition of new analyses and modification of old ones.Publication Verb Semantics for English-Chinese Translation(1995) Palmer, Martha; Wu, ZhibiaoA common practice in operational Machine Translation (MT) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems is to assume that a verb has a fixed number of senses and rely on a precompiled lexicon to achieve large coverage. This paper demonstrates that this assumption is too weak to cope with the similar problems of lexical divergences between languages and unexpected uses of words that give rise to cases outside of the pre-compiled lexicon coverage. We first examine the lexical divergences between English verbs and Chinese verbs. We then focus on a specific lexical selection problem - translating English change-of-state verbs into Chinese verb compounds. We show that an accurate translation depends not only on information about the participants, but also on contextual information. Therefore, selectional restrictions on verb arguments lack the necessary power for accurate lexical selection. Second, we examine verb representation theories and practices in MT systems and show that under the fixed sense assumption, the existing representation schemes are not adequate for handling these lexical divergences and extending existing verb senses to unexpected usages. We then propose a method of verb representation based on conceptual lattices which allows the similarities among different verbs in different languages to be quantitatively measured. A prototype system UNICON implements this theory and performs more accurate MT lexical selection for our chosen set of verbs. An additional lexical module for UNICON is also provided that handles sense extension.Publication A Parameterized Action Representation for Virtual Human Agents(2000-01-01) Badler, Norman I; Bindiganavale, Ramamani; Palmer, Martha S; Bourne, Juliet C; Shi, Jianping; Schuler, WilliamWe describe a Parameterized Action Representation (PAR) designed to bridge the gap between natural language instructions and the virtual agents who are to carry them out. The PAR is therefore constructed based jointly on implemented motion capabilities of virtual human figures and linguistic requirements for instruction interpretation. We will illustrate PAR and a real-time execution architecture controlling 3D animated virtual human avatars.Publication Real Time Virtual Humans(1997-04-01) Badler, Norman I; Allbeck, Jan M.; Bindiganavale, Ramamani; Bourne, Juliet C; Palmer, Martha S; Shi, JianpingThe last few years have seen great maturation in the computation speed and control methods needed to portray 3D virtual humans suitable for real interactive applications. Various dimensions of real-time virtual humans are considered, such as appearance and movement, autonomous action, and skills such as gesture, attention, and locomotion. A virtual human architecture includes low level motor skills, mid-level PaT-Net parallel finite-state machine controller, and a high level conceptual action representation that can be used to drive virtual humans through complex tasks. This structure offers a deep connection between natural language instructions and animation control.Publication Verb Semantics for English-Chinese Translation(1995-09-01) Palmer, Martha S; Wu, ZhibiaoA common practice in operational Machine Translation (MT) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems is to assume that a verb has a fixed number of senses and rely on a precompiled lexicon to achieve large coverage. This paper demonstrates that this assumption is too weak to cope with the similar problems of lexical divergences between languages and unexpected uses of words that give rise to cases outside of the precompiled lexicon coverage. We first examine the lexical divergences between English verbs and Chinese verbs. We then focus on a specic lexical selection problem - translating English change-of-state verbs into Chinese verb compounds. We show that an accurate translation depends not only on information about the participants, but also on contextual information. Therefore, selectional restrictions on verb arguments lack the necessary power for accurate lexical selection. Second, we examine verb representation theories and practices in MT systems and show that under the fixed sense assumption, the existing representation schemes are not adequate for handling these lexical divergences and extending existing verb senses to unexpected usages. We then propose a method of verb representation based on conceptual lattices which allows the similarities among different verbs in different languages to be quantitatively measured. A prototype system UNICON implements this theory and performs more accurate MT lexical selection for our chosen set of verbs. An additional lexical module for UNICON is also provided that handles sense extension.