Moreno, Jonathan D

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  • Publication
    A Taxonomy of Value in Clinical Research
    (2002-12-01) Moreno, Jonathan
    Medical research that involves human subjects presents what appears to be an intractable ethical problem: patients are exposed to risks in order to create valuable knowledge. A central goal of research is to produce knowledge that is "important," "fruitful," or that will have "value." Indeed, federal regulations require that research risks be reasonable in proportion to potential benefits, and in proportion to the importance of the knowledge to be gained (45 CFR 46.111(a)(z)). Moreover, one reason that subjects participate inresearch is to produce knowledge that will benefit others.
  • Publication
    Critical Issues Concerning Research Involving Decisionally Impaired Persons
    (1999-03-01) Moreno, Jonathan D
    This is a working paper prepared by staff to the Human Subjects Subcommittee of the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC). At the request of the subcommittee, the paper attempts to set out the critical issues facing the commissioners concerning the recruitment and participation in clinical research of those who are decisionally impaired.
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    Juicing the Brain: Research to limit mental fatigue among soldiers may foster controversial ways to enhance any person's brain
    (2006-11-29) Moreno, Jonathan
    The article discusses the drugs being used to enhance performance and to limit mental fatigue among soldiers and its repercussions. It is a known fact that amphetamines such as Dexedrine are commonly prescribed to keep pilots alert even though questions have been raised about safety. The air force is considering alternatives to amphetamines, in particular a medication that has also gained the attention of long-distance business travelers, modafinil and the ampakines.
  • Publication
    DARPA On Your Mind
    (2004-09-01) Moreno, Jonathan
    Think your brain is being controlled or disrupted by the Pentagon? You risk being called a nut, but the notion is not so far-fetched. Current research at the intersection of neuroscience and national security might one day produce weapons that literally boggle (or, if desired, enhance) the mind. This would give us unprecedented war-fighting superiority as well as a set of ethical dilemmas that could make genetically-modified-organism issues pale in comparison.
  • Publication
    Acid Brothers: Henry Beecher, Timothy Leary, and the psychedelic of the century
    (2016-01-01) Moreno, Jonathan D
    Henry Knowles Beecher, an icon of human research ethics, and Timothy Francis Leary, a guru of the counterculture, are bound together in history by the synthetic hallucinogen lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Both were associated with Harvard University during a critical period in their careers and of drastic social change. To all appearances the first was a paragon of the establishment and a constructive if complex hero, the second a rebel and a criminal, a rogue and a scoundrel. Although there is no evidence they ever met, Beecher’s indirect struggle with Leary over control of the 20th century’s most celebrated psychedelic was at the very heart of his views about the legitimate, responsible investigator.That struggle also proves to be a revealing bellwether of the increasingly formalized scrutiny of human experiments that was then taking shape.
  • Publication
    Making Sense of Consensus: Responses to Engelhardt, Hester, Kuczewski, Trotter, and Zoloth
    (2002-01-01) Moreno, Jonathan D
    It has been a pleasure to read these papers and to contemplate their importance for what I believe to be a useful and provocative prism though which to view the field of bioethics: the nature of moral consensus. In my own most extended contribution to this literature, Deciding Together, I did not attempt to prescribe so much as to understand the role of moral consensus in the practice of bioethics. At the end of the book, I expressed the hope that it might help trigger an examination of bioethics and moral consensus. Though a few others shared my interest at that time (in particular Tris Engelhardt, for whose early encouragement I remain deeply grateful), with this set of stimulating papers the conversation has finally begun in earnest.
  • Publication
    Bioethics Inside the Beltway: IRBs Under the Microscope
    (1998-09-01) Moreno, Jonathan
    The spring and summer of 1998 were seasons in the sun for institutional review board (IRB) aficionados. Rarely have the arcana of the local human subjects review panels been treated to so much attention in both the executive and the legislative branches of government, not only at the federal but also at the state level. And it looks as if the attention will continue for some time. The spate of interest is due to a series of coincidences: a powerful House of Representatives subcommittee held hearings after its chairman learned about the IRB system during a previous session on research in underdeveloped communities; the Department of Health and Human Services's Inspector General (DHHS-IG) released a report on IRBs; the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Extramural Research completed a report on clinical trial monitoring; the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) readied a report on research involving persons with mental disorders; the states of Maryland and New York completed studies of research with subjects who lack decision-making capacity; and advocacy groups protested a psychiatric research project involving inner city children.
  • Publication
    Neuroscience, Ethics, and National Security: The State of the Art
    (2012-03-20) Tennison, Michael N; Moreno, Jonathan D
    National security organizations in the United States, including the armed services and the intelligence community, have developed a close relationship with the scientific establishment. The latest technology often fuels warfighting and counter- intelligence capacities, providing the tactical advantages thought necessary to maintain geopolitical dominance and national security. Neuroscience has emerged as a prominent focus within this milieu, annually receiving hundreds of millions of Defense Department dollars. Its role in national security operations raises ethical issues that need to be addressed to ensure the pragmatic synthesis of ethical accountability and national security.
  • Publication
    The Triumph of Autonomy in Bioethics and Commercialism in American Healthcare
    (2007-01-01) Moreno, Jonathan
    Justifying his proposal for "health savings accounts," which would allow individuals to set aside tax-free dollars against future healthcare needs, President Bush has said that "Health savings accounts all aim at empowering people to make decisions for themselves." Who could disagree with such a sentiment? Although bioethicists may be among those who express skepticism that personal health savings accounts will be part of the needed "fix" of our healthcare financing system, self determination has long been part of their mantra. Indeed, the field of bioethics played an important role in advancing this idea in the medical world when physician paternalism was regnant. Has its popularity caused it to become so vapid as to be ripe for misuse?