Responding to the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression, the US Congress in 2010 passed the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, thereby altering the playbook for how banks and other financial institutions must manage their risks and report their activities. The European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) has similarly been working diligently to overhaul the regulatory environment for insurers and pension managers, as well as the more traditional financial sector players such as banks. The implosion of the financial sector also prompted calls for change to the accounting system from many seeking to better understand how assets and liabilities are reported. While initially banks were seen by many as the most important focus for regulatory reform in the wake of the 2008–09 financial meltdown, other institutions are now attracting policymakers’ purview and reform efforts. The new rules are having both direct and spillover effects on retirement systems around the world, including pensions and insurers. The first half of this volume undertakes an assessment of how global responses to the financial crisis are potentially altering how insurers, pension plan sponsors, and policymakers will manage risk in the decades to come. The second half evaluates developments in retirement saving and retirement products, to determine which and how these might help meet shortfalls in retirement provision.