Under Biopolitics: The Discursive Construction of Homo Sacer as Refugees’ Identity

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Graduate School of Education::Working Papers in Educational Linguistics (WPEL)
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Education
Linguistics
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educational linguistics
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2022
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Jiang, Shiyu
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This paper aims at investigating the hidden rationale behind anti-refugee discourses through the lens of biopolitics and the notion of homo sacer. While homo sacer was previously linked with camps, whether it is concentration camps or refugee camps, I argue that in the current world, we need to extend homo sacer beyond the traditional definition of camps to fit in a broader context. I extend the argument by incorporating homo sacer with biopolitics/biopower to examine how these two terms interact to discursively co-construct refugees’ identity. Since refugee and anti-refugee discourses are not new terms or phenomena, but can be traced back in time, I adopted genealogy as my method to examine two sets of data. I first present data collected from newspaper archives on Jewish refugees during WWII. In particular, I focus on news reports on the ship St. Louis that was turned away by the Cuban and U.S. governments. I analyze how such action was backed by biopolitics and led to the establishment of homo sacer as the major makeup of Jewish refugee identity at that time. I then analyze data from Twitter posts between 2015 to 2020 to cover the time period after the Syrian refugee crisis and examine how these discourses are similarly informed by biopolitics. By comparing the two data sets, I argue that, as a special migrant population, refugees bear the identity of homo sacer which is discursively constructed by the public. While world governments have claimed refugee acceptance as a humanitarian act, refugees’ identity will remain unchanged from where it was decades ago as long as biopolitics still plays a role in refugee-related discourses.

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2022-01-01
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Working Papers in Educational Linguistics (WPEL)
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University of Pennsylvania
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Spring 2022
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