From Simulation to Savings: A Smart Grid Approach to Residential Load Management in Philadelphia
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load management
peak shedding
environmental
energy efficiency
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Abstract
Philadelphia regularly experiences the urban heat island effect, heightening the impact of heat waves that are becoming increasingly common. As a result, the electric grid is increasingly inundated with peak energy demand during the summer months, which requires more power plants on standby to compensate. To track residential energy usage, an electric load modeling software named EDGIE (Emulating the Distribution Grid Impacts of Electrification) was used to monitor general and A/C energy usage of a Philadelphia row house. These A/Cs were then subjected to pre-cool one hour before daily peak heat events in the month of July, creating an opportunity for a virtual power plant (VPP) that could bundle the saved electricity of homes together for utilities to buy. Given the growing energy demands of programs like the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) Cooling Program, it is important to explore how load management technologies can address the rising energy usage associated with these efforts. Therefore, this study asks: How can the simulation of load managing devices impact rising energy usage from LIHEAP’s Cooling Program? EDGIE simulations show a roughly four percent decrease in power consumption, energy prices, and carbon emissions during peak periods, improving grid stability and reducing local stress. Results demonstrate that effective demand management not only yields significant savings in infrastructure and emissions costs for energy providers, but also underscores the need for further research into the origins and funding mechanisms of government cooling programs. While still in its infancy, load management shows promise for increasing efficiency in densely populated cities experiencing rising electrification trends, provided that load reduction strategies tailored to citizens and subsidized implementation of air conditioners can address challenges in grid stability.