NAVIGATING THE TRANSITION: STANDARDIZING ESG REPORTING FOR SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT DECISIONS

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Degree type
Master of Environmental Studies (MES)
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Environmental Studies
Subject
ESG
sustainability
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author or copyright holder retaining all copyrights in the submitted work
Copyright date
2024
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Author
Maxie Marie Johnson
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Abstract

Over the past few years, the corporate world has been facing a needed transition – a shift from the linear to that of a sustainable economy. Due to heightened awareness from stakeholders regarding the impacts of climate change, companies have been forced to reevaluate their business strategy. In order to satisfy the demands of their stakeholders, companies have had no choice but to report on their commitment to bettering our volatile, and efforts to sustain our human populations on the planet. Their business framework has had to be dynamic in order to meet these demands and has segmented into three discrete avenues: social, environmental, and governance reporting (ESG). From 2011 to 2018, the number of S&P 500 companies reporting on their sustainability efforts, corporate social responsibility activities, and ESG performance increased from just below 20% to 86% (Gillan et al., 2021). While this notable increase signals a stronger awareness of the need to change and be more sustainable from the richest companies on Earth, the existing framework for reporting is not sufficient to standardize their outputs, so this shift has been less consequential than it otherwise could have been. There is a gap between what is being reported, and what stakeholders are asking for, specifically for their most concerned report readers: their investors. Without standardization in how companies are reporting on their ESG related performance, companies can include whatever they want in these reports and, likewise, omit information. Furthermore, there is no requirement regarding data collection, or reporting format. As a result, investors question the validity of the reports. ESG reports have become integral to investors for their investment strategies. Right now, the material produced in the reports is questionable, and the range in style of reporting prevents the reports from being comparable. By conducting interviews and surveys with representatives from investment firms and the Nasdaq, this project aims to elucidate the role of ESG factors in the investment process, identify the constraints posed by the absence of standardized reporting, and uncover what investors seek from said reports. Specifically, this study will focus on impact investors, providing insight into their decision-making processes in selecting portfolio assets, building a sustainable business, and creating self-benefiting results through capital. The data collected in this project will allow companies to assume the role of responsible stewards of sustainability, enhancing their appeal to impact investors and ensuring their compliance with environmental standards.

Advisor
Hagan, James
English, Nancy
Date of degree
2024
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