Role of Homer Proteins in the Maintenance of Sleep-Wake States

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Animals
Animals, Genetically Modified
Arousal
Carrier Proteins
Circadian Rhythm
Drosophila
Mice
Mice, Knockout
Sleep
Sleep Deprivation
Up-Regulation
Wakefulness
animals
genetically modified
arousal
carrier proteins
circadian rhythm
Drosophila
mice
knockout
sleep
sleep deprivation
up-regulation
wakefulness
Biology
Biostatistics
Neuroscience and Neurobiology
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Naidoo, Nirinjini
Ferber, Megan
Galante, Raymond J
McShane, Blake
Hu, Jia Hua
Zimmerman, John
Maislin, Greg
Cater, Jacqui
Wyner, Abraham J
Worley, Paul
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Abstract

Sleep is an evolutionarily conserved process that is linked to diurnal cycles and normal daytime wakefulness. Healthy sleep and wakefulness are integral to a healthy lifestyle; this occurs when an organism is able to maintain long bouts of both sleep and wake. Homer proteins, which function as adaptors for group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors, have been implicated in genetic studies of sleep in both Drosophila and mouse. Drosophila express a single Homer gene product that is upregulated during sleep. By contrast, vertebrates express Homer as both constitutive and immediate early gene (H1a) forms, and H1a is up-regulated during wakefulness. Genetic deletion of Homer in Drosophila results in fragmented sleep and in failure to sustain long bouts of sleep, even under increased sleep drive. However, deletion of Homer1a in mouse results in failure to sustain long bouts of wakefulness. Further evidence for the role of Homer1a in the maintenance of wake comes from the CREB alpha delta mutant mouse, which displays a reduced wake phenotype similar to the Homer1a knockout and fails to up-regulate Homer1a upon sleep loss. Homer1a is a gene whose expression is induced by CREB. Sustained behaviors of the sleep/wake cycle are created by molecular pathways that are distinct from those for arousal or short bouts, and implicate an evolutionarily-conserved role for Homer in sustaining these behaviors.

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2012-01-01
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PLoS ONE
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