Defaulting 401(k) Assets into Payout Annuities For “Pretty Good” Lifetime Incomes

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The Wharton School::Wharton Pension Research Council::Wharton Pension Research Council Working Papers
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Adult and Continuing Education
Subject
life cycle savings
household finance
annuity
longevity risk
401(k) plan
retirement
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2025
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Vanya Horneff
Raimond Maurer
Olivia S. Mitchell
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Abstract

Some US defined contribution plans offer retirees access to an annuity or lifetime income stream as payout options from their 401(k) accounts. Nevertheless, for behavioral reasons, some retirees may hesitate to elect lifetime income streams as a drawdown vehicle. To counter this, plan sponsors could automatically allocate a portion of retirees’ 401(k) assets to annuities, now that regulatory barriers to doing so have eased. Using a lifecycle economic model, we evaluate the pros and cons of defaulting retirees’ 401(k) assets into payout annuities. We show that defaulting 20% of a retiree’s assets over a threshold into an immediate annuity enhances retirement security for most plan participants. An annuity deferred to the age of 80 is particularly beneficial to college graduates, in terms of enhancing their welfare.

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WP2025-02
Publication date
2025
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