MENOPAUSISM: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF MENOPAUSE AND FEMALE EXECUTIVE CAREERS
Degree type
Graduate group
Discipline
Psychiatry and Psychology
Psychiatry and Psychology
Subject
intersectionality
menopause
phenomenology
stigma
support mechanisms
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Abstract
This study focused on the influence of menopause on the careers of female executives, aiming to provide insights and new solutions for women managing their menopause transition while working. The existing literature offered general insights but lacked depth regarding the implications for female representation in senior roles. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, the study participants included 23 postmenopausal women, all senior directors or higher in Fortune 500 companies in the United States. The research included semistructured interviews, followed by a participatory action research method called photovoice, debriefed in focus groups. These methods deeply explored the experiences and challenges of female executives during menopause. The findings, aligned with two research questions, revealed multifaceted challenges including stigma, stereotype threat, and psychosocial implications, often leading to symptom concealment and, in severe cases, workforce departure. Additionally, the study explored systemic barriers, emotional labor, and intersectional challenges, proposing the ECLIPSE model, a practical tool for supporting women navigating menopause in the workplace. The study also introduced the term menopausism to describe the oppression and bias experienced by women during this transition.Key words: menopause, female executives, stigma, intersectionality, phenomenology, support mechanisms