Investigation of Early-Transition Metal Complexes Bearing Metal-Ligand Multiple Bonds: Synthesis, Reactivity Studies, and Exploration of Their Potential Applications in Catalysis

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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Graduate group
Chemistry
Discipline
Chemistry
Chemistry
Subject
Alkylidynes
Alkyne Polymerization
Catalysis
Metal-ligand Multiple Bond
Nitrides
Organometallic Chemistry
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2022
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Gholi Jafari, Mehrafshan
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Abstract

High-oxidation state metal complexes bearing metal-ligand multiple bonds are often considered highly reactive and electron-deficient species that are salient to short-lived intermediates of important industrial catalytic cycles, e.g. Fischer-Tropsch or Haber-Bosch processes. Thus, isolation of such species in solution phase and in-depth probing of their reactivity under mild conditions is an area of scientific merit. Herein, the catalytic activity of molecules with {V-C} triple bonding motif, a.k.a. vanadium alkylidynes, in the cyclic polymerization of phenylacetylene is disclosed and the mechanism of this reactivity is thoroughly investigated, both experimentally and computationally. Based on the isoelectronic nature of terminal alkynes and pnictogen-based heteroalkynes, diverse reactions of vanadium alkylidynes with other substrates bearing a {C-Pn} triple bonding moiety (Pn: pnictogen), were also investigated. Moreover, given the scarcity of vanadium nitrides and their underexplored reactivity, synthetic routes to furnish and stabilize vanadium nitrides in various oxidation states, both in terminal and bridging forms, were established by us using an adequately sterically hindered tripodal ligand, Tp(tBu,Me) (Tp(tBu,Me) = hydrotris(3-tert-butyl-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl)borate). Exploring the reactivity of the first neutral and terminal [V(IV)] nitride revealed the ambiphilic nature of this complex. Furthermore, the capability of this system to also activate various bonds was also gauged using a variety of substrates. Ultimately, some of the reactions observed by [V] complexes have been compared to the [Ti] analogue, which reveals how subtle electronic differences cause major differences in reactivity. A combination of spectroscopy, magnetometry, crystallography, and computational studies were utilized in the characterization of the complexes isolated in the aforementioned investigations.

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Mindiola, Daniel
Date of degree
2022
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