On April 24, 2013, the Rana Plaza building in Bangladesh, housing multiple garment factories, collapsed in about 90 seconds, killing more than 1100 workers and injuring more than 2500. This tragedy exposed the extreme risks garment workers face in the global supply chain, prompting calls for improved labor conditions and accountability within the fast fashion industry. This capstone explores the two critical issues bookending the fast fashion supply chain—labor conditions in garment-producing factories and waste colonialism in the Global South for end-of-life garments, highlighting the industry's exploitative cycle from production to disposal. It examines the evolving frameworks and measures that fast fashion brands adopt to ensure ethical working conditions, focusing on self-assessments, voluntary certifi cations, and increasing regulatory oversight. Through a comparative analysis of the disclosure of labor conditions by fi ve major fast fashion brands since the tragedy, the research reviews voluntary initiatives like the Bangladesh Accord, Higg Index, Fair Trade Certifi cation, and emerging regulations such as the EU-CSRD and the FABRIC Act. The study fi nds that while voluntary initiatives have improved transparency and accountability, they remain insuffi cient in ensuring systemic change. Mandatory regulations are emerging as key drivers of progress, though challenges remain in enforcement and compliance. The fi ndings highlight the complex intersection of corporate responsibility, labor rights, and environmental sustainability in the fast fashion industry. While the shift toward mandatory regulation is promising, addressing the legacy of colonialism, climate change, and the impact of overconsumption on vulnerable communities is essential for meaningful, long-term improvements. The study calls for a more integrated approach – combining stricter regulations, industry-wide collaboration, and consumer demand – to achieve lasting ethical labor practices and true circularity in the fashion supply chain.