The Berlin Produce Exchange rose from informal trading of forward contracts in the 1840s to become one of the world’s leading grain futures markets by 1895. The rise of trading in speculative contracts for rye, wheat, and oats corresponded to the arrival of a wave of Jewish migrants from Prussia’s eastern provinces who came to predominate on the exchange in the second half of the nineteenth century. These Jewish merchants and grain traders played a critical role in the design of futures contracts and in the mediation of popular speculation in commodity futures. At the same time, real conflicts arose with millers, grain producers, and judicial reformers over contractual design, grain inspection procedures, and the legal treatment of futures contracts. These conflicts occurred within a social and cultural context dominated by increasingly anti-liberal ideologies and pervasive antisemitic discourse. In consequence, Jewish traders found their profession, its institutions, and their character under assault. This dissertation offers a new history of futures markets that exposes both real, procedural issues and the benefits and liabilities of trading linked to particular ethnic networks. Using associational and governmental records, it argues that the rise and demise of grain futures in Germany can only be understood within a framework that integrates the personalizing and mobilizing function of antisemitic rhetoric within larger processes of social thought, economic regulation, and jurisprudence.