Orangutan Osteobiography: Surviving Broken Bones
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Osteology
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Abstract
Orangutans are usually considered a solitary species, but they are able to survive severe broken and re-healed arm bones. This is remarkable as they are reliant on their arms for suspensory locomotion. We predict that orangutans survive on their own with broken and re-healed arm bones by compensating for their handicaps with a heavier reliance on their other limbs to climb. We identified how five particular orangutans compensated when bones were broken using osteobiography as our investigative method (n= 30). CT scans of long bones were taken to assess asymmetry in cross-sectional areas of humerus, radius, ulna, femur, and tibia and trabecular bone density at the femoral neck. We looked for one-sided weakness corresponding to the injured side of the body by calculating directional asymmetry (%DA) and absolute asymmetry (%AA) and using 95% confidence intervals in Excel. Writing osteobiographies for these individuals revealed their unique characteristics and strength. Osteobiography is an underutilized method in animal studies and this study indicates that there is a lot to be learned from considering the entire body holistically.