BTEX Produced from CO2 via Direct Aromatization and Combined Hydrogenation with Zeolite Catalysis

In the coming decades, sustainable BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene) production will become increasingly viable as demand for petrochemical derivatives continues to rise. Global industrialization and urbanization are driving growth in plastics, polymers, insulating materials, coatings, sealants, and adhesives, positioning BTEX as a key feedstock across multiple sectors. Market forecasts project a CAGR of 3.8–5.2%, suggesting favorable long-term pricing for BTEX producers. This paper explores the feasibility of a novel BTEX production pathway using CO2 and H2 via direct aromatization and combined hydrogenation with zeolite catalysis. Achieving commercial viability will require an improvement in catalyst selectivity, and therefore, separation efficiency. The process offers a potential return on investment of 24.81% by the third year of operation and 3 to 4 times fewer CO2 emissions compared to fossil fuel-derived BTEX. However, market challenges persist due to competition from both current petro-based production methods and emerging chemical recycling technologies. Overall, the proposed plant’s design presents a compelling case for the future of BTEX production, balancing environmental objectives with operational profitability. Key considerations include hydrogen procurement aligned with DOE’s Hydrogen Shot targets and sourcing captured CO2 as a feedstock.