This dissertation explores the intersection of eschatology and environmental concerns in nineteenth-century science fiction, focusing on ecological, spatial, and temporal finitude. The study centers on works by Jules Verne and J.-H. Rosny Aîné, while also encompassing a transnational range of authors including Edgar Allan Poe and H.G Wells. A key argument of this dissertation is that science fiction emerged as the pioneering genre to grapple with matters now categorized under the umbrella term of the Anthropocene. By examining how three crucial scientific developments of the nineteenth century—thermodynamics, geology, evolutionary theory—reshaped the perception of “limits,” this work investigates how literature started to articulate theories about the end of the Earth as we know it. This dissertation demonstrates how, by recuperating eschatological discourses and reworking the notions of “end” and “limits,” nineteenth-century science fiction became increasingly entangled with the material vulnerability of the Earth.