The latter part of the eleventh century brought with it the end of the golden age of Muslim science.1 The virtual Muslim monopoly on learning and science was finally terminated in this period of Omar Khayyam. At the end of this century, one may recognize one of the great turning points in the history of science and civilization...The integration and absorption of much of the Jewish and Muslim culture by the western world led to the complete hegemony of Christian Europe, and, in turn, to the secular basis of science and learning as it is known today.