GLOBAL PLACE AND NEUTRAL ARTICULATION: AN ETHNOGRAPHY OF DELHI’S ACCENT INDUSTRY

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Degree type
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Graduate group
Anthropology
Discipline
Critical and Cultural Studies
Linguistics
International and Area Studies
Subject
Accent
Business Process Outsourcing
Call Centers
Linguistic Anthropology
Neutral
South Asia
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Copyright date
2023
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Author
Nielsen, Kristina
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Abstract

This dissertation is an ethnographic investigation into language training in the Delhi-National Capital Region of India, where workers in the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry are trained to speak in a manner that industry professionals label “neutral” and “global”. By studying the production of the “neutral accent” of “Global English”, this project investigates the social structures that make claims of “global place” and “neutral articulation” stable, arguing that globalization utilizes semiotically Neutral forms that are imagined to be without place. This is done through the systematic exclusion of contrastive forms. In the first chapter, I discuss the theoretical stakes of “global” and “neutral” discourse. Chapter 2 investigates the history of “neutral” accent training, which emerged as an alternative to American accent training as a secularization of the Indian prestige accent “Convent English”. It was introduced so that the elite workers of the BPO industry did not have to learn to speak like foreigners or practice “identity management”. After 2008, the workforce of BPOs diversified due to a decrease in the purchasing power of salaries, leading to “neutral” being used as a metric of exclusion of diverse ethno-regional Indian identities. Chapter 3 argues that it is not only “neutral” accents that are targeted in BPO hiring practices, but the upper-caste and upper-class people who are associated with “neutral” modes of speech. I argue that gatekeeping is a distributed process where different stakeholders work in tandem, and sometimes against each other, evaluating and putting monetary value to different emblems of personhood. Chapter 4 investigates the way “neutral” is trained through the commensuration of speech sounds along qualitative comparative axes. Instead of positively identifying “neutral” forms of speech and behavior, contrastive forms of ethno-regional personhood are targeted under the category “Mother Tongue Influence”. Chapter 5 identifies how similar processes of commensuration and exclusion are involved in “soft skill” training, where BPO workers are trained to talk about emotions through grammatically regular “empathy statements”. In conclusion, I discuss the broader applications of a theory of Neutrality, as understood through this highly localized and contextualized study of “neutral” in Indian BPOs.

Advisor
Agha, Asif
Date of degree
2023
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