This dissertation examines how the discourses and categories of Greek and Roman literary culture were applied to the Bible in the period from approximately 150 BCE to 100 CE. The first part of the dissertation examines the Letter of Aristeas and the prologue to the Greek translation of Ben Sira, both translation paratexts from mid-second century BCE Alexandria, which represent the texts which they mediate as fixed and authored. While fixity and authorship are new to extant Jewish literature in the second century, these paratexts imagine them as timeless, universal characteristics that inhered in their respective texts from their moments of conception. Simultaneously, fixity and authorship were fundamental assumptions of the project of Homeric ekdosis, prevailing at the Library of Alexandria in this era, which aimed to recover the original wording of the Homeric poems through text-critical scholarship. It is thus argued that fixity and authorship entered Jewish literary consciousness through the participation of the writers of Aristeas and the Ben Sira prologue in the same literary culture as the Homeric ekdotists. The second half of the dissertation examines the writings of the late-first century historian Josephus, especially the Jewish Antiquities and Against Apion. Josephus, intimately familiar with both the Jewish textual heritage and Greek and Roman historiography, merges the traditions of Jewish prophecy and Greek/Roman history into a single genre category of prophetic history, into which classifies both the Bible and his own writing. By making the Bible be simultaneously prophecy and history, he familiarizes the Bible for Roman elements of his audience, indigenizes history as a natively Jewish genre for his Jewish readers, and aligns Jewish and Roman literary traditions in a way that promotes Jewish political standing at Rome after the Jewish War. Together, these case studies illuminate the ways that ancient Jews reconceptualized the Bible in accordance with regnant discourses, transforming it into something legible to audiences conditioned by the particular and contingent structures that shaped literary culture in the Hellenistic world.