Avoiding A Never-Ending Heat Wave in Our Cities: A Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Vegetation and Temperature in Philadelphia

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Degree type
Bachelor of Science
Graduate group
Discipline
Statistics and Probability
Subject
Land Surface Temperature
Urban Heat Island
Green Space
Spatio-temporal
Philadelphia
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Copyright date
2024
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Author
Wang, Kelly
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Abstract

As Earth continues to warm, urban centers are struggling to disperse the additional heat that they are experiencing. Cities are not prepared for record-breaking temperatures in part due to their lack of natural vegetation that contribute to the urban heat island (UHI) effect. This study analyzes the spatial and temporal trends in land surface temperatures (LST) and vegetation across Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This city has greening initiatives that plan to add green spaces to the built environment, intended to help mitigate the increasing heat. However, only a few studies have examined how changes in vegetation in cities, whether increasing or decreasing, have impacted the surface temperatures in its surrounding area over time. This paper uses data from Landsat 8's satellite imagery program to calculate a normalized vegetation index (NDVI) and surface temperatures aggregated at the Census block group level to analyze their relationship in over 1000 neighborhoods of Philadelphia over the years 2013--2022. The results of this paper indicate that there exists a strong negative relationship between LST and NDVI spatially and temporally.

Advisor
Jensen, Shane
Date of degree
2025-05
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Wharton Research Scholars (Undergraduate Thesis)
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