Though the ecological engagement of literature has become an important topic in recent years, its relevance to Horace’s works has been limited to his treatment of nature and the influence of prior literary traditions on his poetic representation of the world. This dissertation lays out an ecopoetic practice of reading Horace by which his poems can be seen to process the cultural landscapes around him and their interconnections with the natural world. Horace’s poetry gives us a unique perspective on Roman life since it is written in the first-person and purports to depict mostly real rather than mythological Italian landscapes. By focusing on interconnection, this dissertation addresses the tendency of previous scholarship to treat nature and culture as disjunctive categories. By analyzing the ways in which Horace demonstrates awareness of humans’ ecological interaction with nonhuman factors in poems from a variety of genres, the dissertation deepens our understanding of how Horace viewed his world. Horatian ecopoetics represents a way of interpreting Horace’s glancing approach to matters of ecological importance. As such, it responds to the poet’s employment of irony, ambiguity, and other literary devices that unsettle anthropocentric ways of thinking. The investigation focuses on three areas of interest: boundaries at which human and nonhuman meet or are separated; materials and their sources in the natural world; and the ecological status of the built environment. The dissertation concludes that Horace’s anthropocentrism has been overstated, and that he shows sensitivity throughout his corpus to issues of ecological significance.