After 1990, population movements in the U.S. experienced significant shifts as immigrants settled in new destinations in the South and the West, wealthier residents moved into city centers, and suburbs experienced increased racial diversity and poverty. The question of spatial inequality in the context of these changing geographics and landscapes needs more exploration. This dissertation seeks to understand racial and economic inequality in these new contexts while moving away from the perspective of the Chicago School. First, I examine how population patterns changed over time for Southern cities that experienced unprecedented Asian and Latinx immigration. I construct Bayesian spatial stock-flow models to identify ethnoracial, socioeconomic, and housing determinants for Latinx and non-Latinx White, Black, and Asian population concentration and growth in 10 Southern metros. Second, I investigate regional ethnoracial neighborhood shifts brought on by increased immigration in the 1990s. Did increased national diversity lower barriers to entry for Black residents or did racial stratification merely increase at the neighborhood level? This is done by classifying neighborhoods based on their ethnoracial composition, conducting a loglinear comparison to model regional ethnoracial transitions, and running multinomial logistic regressions to ascertain what predicts specific neighborhood pathways of White exodus, Black entry, and Latinx and Asian intermingling. The findings from these two chapters evidence continued racial stratification, challenge the notion of assimilation, and lay the groundwork for exploring patterns of Latinx and Asian residential patterns, beyond merely a White and Black framing. Finally, I extend scholarship on poverty by assessing the conditions of suburban poverty. I compare urban, suburban, and rural poverty, examine the characteristics of inner-ring suburban and newer suburban poverty between regions, and evaluate metropolitan level determinants to these two types of poverty. The findings from this project reinforce suburbia as a place with its own unique and diverse place stratification and motivates future studies to assess suburban poverty as heterogeneous across regions and even within suburbs. Overall, this dissertation highlights the importance of studying spatial inequality outside an industrial urbanity