Knox, Tyler J
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Publication U.S. Military Innovation In The 21st Century: The Era Of The “Spin-On”(2020-01-01) Knox, Tyler JThe intersection between the U.S. military and technological innovation, a “military-innovation nexus,” has led to the genesis of key technologies, including nuclear energy, general computing, GPS, and satellite technology from World War II to the present. However, an evolving innovation context in the twenty-first century, including the leadership of the commercial sector in technology innovation and the resurgence of great power competition, has led to doubts about the ability of the Department of Defense to discover and promote the technological innovations of the future. The Third Offset Strategy was formulated in 2014 in response to these concerns: The offset strategy promulgated reforms to bring the Pentagon and the commercial sector closer together while creating alternative contracting mechanisms for streamlined procurement and prototyping. Using defense biometrics and artificial intelligence as case studies of spin-on innovations adopted by the military, this Article seeks to understand the efficacy of the reforms undertaken under the auspices of the Third Offset Strategy to improve the institutional underpinnings of the U.S. innovation system for national security. I argue that the Third Offset Strategy has allowed the Pentagon to more effectively procure, develop, and field commercial technologies in the twenty-first century, and I conclude by proposing modest recommendations for the successful acquisition of spin-on innovations.Publication The State Of The Missile Technology Control Regime(2017-01-01) Knox, Tyler JThe 1987 Missile Technology Control Regime is a multilateral ballistic missile export regime of members (“Partner States”) who have pledged to strengthen international non-proliferation efforts through export controls. Has the MTCR succeeded in restricting ballistic missile proliferation? This paper seeks to answer this question, and explore if the Missile Technology Control Regime is in need of reform after three decades by drawing upon a compiled data set on all ballistic missiles possessed by the world’s nations as of May 2017. By evaluating missile diffusion over time on a global and regional basis, this paper concludes that the MTCR has succeeded in slowing down the rate of proliferation and restricting the new missile powers to missiles of relatively basic sophistication. However, the Missile Technology Control Regime must be strengthened, considering the omission of the Middle East from the Regime, the ability of missile transfers to catalyze domestic development, and the subversion of the MTCR by its own Partner States.