Castro, Andrés F.
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Publication Half A Century Of Migration And Family Formation In Latin America And The Caribbean(2019-01-01) Castro Torres, Andrés FelipeMigration and family formation dynamics were fundamental factors in the societal transformation of Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries during the second half of the twentieth century. A holistic understanding of how these two demographic phenomena relate to one another and how this association is embedded in gender and class systems is needed to understand modern societies. The first chapter of this dissertation lays out the theoretical premises of a gender- and class-based analysis of these dynamics. The following chapters use quantitative information to examine family formation trajectories among migrants from three different perspectives: immigration, transnational, and internal. Family formation paths for individuals of age 39 and above are reconstructed using the National Survey of Family Growth in chapter 2 (immigration), the Mexican and Latin American Migration projects in chapter 3 (transnational), and the LAC Demographic and Health Surveys in chapter 4 (internal). Together, these sources cover 12 LAC countries and the three main destinations of LAC international migrants: United States, Canada and Spain. A typology of family formation trajectories is built for each of these three data sources and the distribution of men and women in each typology is computed by age at migration and socioeconomic status. I termed these distributions family profiles. The heterogeneity in family profiles across the three perspectives is examined considering the major societal and economic changes that occurred during this time period in the region. This joint examination shows that social class and gender differences are the primary basis of distinction in family profiles and that migration constitute a secondary source of disruption. Put formally, the processes by which family formation trajectories unfold among migrants are segmented. This does not mean migration is powerless in terms of triggering social change. Migration is associated with change in family formation dynamics in the origin and reception societies; yet, its potential is modest, and it will hardly take the shape of a revolutionary leap.Publication Global Family Change: Persistent Diversity with Development(2018-02-07) Pesando, Luca Maria; Castro, Andrés F.; Andriano, Liliana; Furstenberg, Frank; Behrman, Julia A.; Kohler, Hans-Peter; Billari, Francesco; Monden, ChristiaanThis paper provides a broad empirical overview of the relationship between family change and socio-economic development drawing on 30+ years of Demographic and Health Survey data from 3.5 million respondents across 84 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We conduct two sets of analyses. First, we document global and regional-level associations between the Human Development Index (HDI) and novel indicators reflecting multidimensional family change. Second, we use methods from the growth convergence literature to examine whether – and in which domains – there is evidence of cross-country convergence in family indicators over levels of development. We show that families in LMICs have transformed in multiple ways, changing differently across domains, world regions, and genders. Fertility, intra-couple decision-making, and women’s life-course timing indicators are strongly associated with HDI, yet cross-country convergence is limited to the latter domain. Marriage, cohabitation, household structure, and men’s life-course timing indicators are more weakly associated with HDI, and span a broad spectrum of convergence dynamics ranging from divergence to modest convergence. We describe this scenario as “persistent diversity with development,” and shed light on the underlying regional heterogeneity – driven primarily by sub-Saharan Africa.