Fairfield, Jessamyn A

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2010 - 20112
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  • Publication
    Memory and Coupling in Nanocrystal Optoelectronic Devices
    (2011-12-21) Fairfield, Jessamyn A
    Optoelectronic devices incorporating semiconducting nanocrystals are promising for many potential applications. Nanocrystals whose size is below the exciton Bohr radius have optical absorption and emission that is tunable with size, due to the quantum confinement of the charge carriers. However, the same confinement that yields these optical properties also makes electrical conduction in a film of nanocrystals occur via tunneling, due to the high energy barrier between nanocrystals. Hence, the extraction of photo-generated charge carriers presents a significant challenge. Several approaches to optimizing the reliability and efficiency of optoelectronic devices using semiconducting nanocrystals are explored herein. Force microscopy is used to investigate charge behavior in nanocrystal films. Plasmonic structures are lithographically defined to enhance electric field and thus charge collection efficiency in two-electrode nanocrystal devices illuminated at plasmonically resonant wavelengths. Graphene substrates are shown to couple electronically with nanocrystal films, improving device conduction while maintaining carrier quantum confinement within the nanocrystal. And finally, the occupancy of charge carrier traps is shown to both directly impact the temperature-dependent photocurrent behavior, and be tunable using a combination of illumination and electric field treatments. Trap population manipulation is robustly demonstrated and verified using a variety of wavelength, intensity, and time-dependent measurements of photocurrent in nanogap nanocrystal devices, emphasizing the importance of measurement history and the possibility of advanced device behavior tuning based on desired operating conditions. Each of these experiments reveals a path toward understanding and optimizing semiconducting nanocrystal optoelectronic devices.
  • Publication
    Characterization of Memory and Measurement History in Photoconductivity of Nanocyrstal Arrays
    (2010-01-01) Fairfield, Jessamyn A; Dadosh, Tali; Drndic, Marija
    Photoconductivity in nanocrystal films has been previously characterized, but memory effects have received little attention despite their importance for device applications. We show that the magnitude and temperature dependence of the photocurrent in CdSe/ZnS core-shell nanocrystal arrays depends on the illumination and electric field history. Changes in photoconductivity occur on a few-hour timescale, and subband gap illumination of nanocrystals prior to measurements modifies the photocurrent more than band gap illumination. The observed effects can be explained by charge traps within the band gap that are filled or emptied, which may alter nonradiative recombination processes and affect photocurrent.