Sharkey, Heather J

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  • Publication
    Battle for Peace in Sudan: An Analysis of the Abuja Conferences, 1992-1993 [Review]
    (2002-01-01) Sharkey, Heather J; Sharkey, Heather J
    In 1992, in an effort to end the Sudanese civil war, President Ibrahim Babangida of Nigeria offered to sponsor peace talks between the Sudanese government (dominated by the National Islamic Front), and the southern-based Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM). Held in the Nigerian capital of Abuja in 1992 and 1993, the talks ultimately ended in failure, allowing one of the world's long est and deadliest conflicts to continue unabated. Battle for Peace in Sudan is a fascinating study of these negotiations, written by Wondu, who served as official notetaker of the SPLM delegation, and Lesch, a political scientist and Sudan specialist. The book should be required reading for anyone interested in the religious dynamics of the second Sudanese civil war, the start of which, in 1983, coincided with the regime's introduction of Shari'a hudud laws. This assertion of Islamic law, which grew stronger after 1989, antagonized the predominantly non-Muslim southern Sudanese population, and added to longstanding grievances about the country's grossly unequal regional distribution of political power and wealth.
  • Publication
    Jihads and Crusades in Sudan From 1881 to the Present
    (2012-01-01) Sharkey, Heather J; Sharkey, Heather J
    This chapter grapples with several difficult questions that arise from the history of conquest, revolution, and colonial rule in Sudan. To what extent was the Mahdist jihad anti-Christian at its inception; to what extent did the jihad reflect, instead, a battle among Muslims over the nature of Islamic government and society? How did Muslim religious sensibilities influence popular responses to British colonialism after 1898? To what extent did jihadist discourses persist among Sudanese Muslims, both in the Anglo-Egyptian period and in the decades following decolonization? Reciprocally, to what extent were British policies anti-Muslim? How did British fears of Muslim “fanaticism” influence colonial policies on education, administration, and public health, and did these policies amount to a series of “colonial crusades”?
  • Publication
    Arab France: Islam and the Making of Modern Europe, 1798–1831
    (2012-08-01) Sharkey, Heather J; Sharkey, Heather J
  • Publication
    A Different Shade of Colonialism: Egypt, Great Britain, and the Mastery of the Sudan [Review]
    (2003-01-01) Sharkey, Heather J; Sharkey, Heather J
    In A Different Shade of Colonialism, Eve M. Troutt Powell examines Egypt's ambiguous relationship with the Sudan in the period from approximately 1800 to the late 1920s. She suggests that this relationship was complicated by Egypt's position as a "colonized colonizer" - that is, as an imperial power in the Nile Valley which itself became vulnerable first to French and later to British colonialism. Powell focuses on Sudan- or Sudanese-related commentaries by key Egyptian thinkers, including travelers, journalists, and others, many of whom (such as Rifa'a Rafi' al-Tahtawi, Mustafa Kamil, and Huda Sha'rawi) played prominent roles in the making of modem Egypt.
  • Publication
    Conflict, Conquest, and Conversion: Two Thousand Years of Christian Missions in the Middle East [Review]
    (2013-01-01) Sharkey, Heather J; Sharkey, Heather J
    Compared to their counterparts in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia, Christian missionaries in the modern Middle East affected relatively few formal conversions. Nevertheless, in the past 15 years, scholars have begin to appreciate how missionaries in the Middle East exerted far-reaching cultural, political, and economic influences on the region, through schools, hospitals, and other institutions. Scholars have also begin to appreciate how missionaries variously strengthened, mediated, and deflected forms of European and American imperialism, while forging long-distance connections between the Middle East and their home countries.
  • Publication
    The First Islamist Republic: Development and Disintegration of Islamism in the Sudan (Review)
    (2010-01-01) Sharkey, Heather J; Sharkey, Heather J
    In this careful and engagingly written analysis of Hasan al-Turabi's decade in power, Abdullahi A. Gallab concludes that the experience of Sudan during the "first Islamist republic" (1989-99) serves as a warning against "ideological entrapments" (p. 167) of all kinds, and leads to the "realization that Islamism, like all other isms, can be and should be contested" (p. ix). Drawing upon extensive interviews with Sudanese Islamists, as well as upon Arabic and English studies, Gallab summarizes the Islamist experiment in dismal terms. He variously calls it a "reign of terror," a "trauma," a source of "despair," "an open-ended system of oppression," the product of a wide "range of deceits," a vehicle for the "violent suppression of other religious systems" and political voices, and a "charade" (pp. 4, 15, 78, 137). In Gallab's account, Turabi emerges as a manipulator and a megalomaniac (albeit a suave one) who entertained the creation of a "personality cult" (p. 112) around him.
  • Publication
  • Publication
    La Belle Africaine: The Sudanese Giraffe Who Went to France
    (2015-01-01) Sharkey, Heather J; Sharkey, Heather J
    Abstract In 1826, Mehmet Ali of Egypt sent a giraffe from somewhere in what is now the Republic of the Sudan to King Charles X of France. The first live giraffe ever to reach France, she arrived when public museums and zoos were emerging, inspiring scholarly and popular interest in science and the world beyond French borders. This article studies the career and “afterlives” of this giraffe in France and relative to giraffes at large in the Sudan, in order to trace a Franco-Sudanese history that has stretched from the early nineteenth century to the present. At the same time, viewing this connected history in the aftermath of the 2011 secession of South Sudan, when colonial and national borders appear contingent and subject to change, this article approaches the Sudan as a zone (as opposed to a fixed country) within global networks of migration involving people, other animals, things, and ideas. Résumé En 1826, Mehmet Ali d'Égypte a envoyé une girafe au roi de France Charles X depuis un lieu situé dans ce qui est actuellement la République du Soudan. L'animal, première girafe vivante à entrer en France, est arrivé au moment où les musées publics et les zoos faisaient leur apparition, suscitant l'intérêt des experts et du peuple envers la science et le monde au-delà des frontières françaises. Cet article traite de la carrière et des “vies après la mort” de cette girafe en France et des girafes en général au Soudan, afin de retracer une histoire franco-soudanaise qui est née au début du XIXe siècle. Dans le même temps, en examinant cette histoire connectée au lendemain de la sécession de 2011 du Soudan du Sud, tandis que les frontières coloniales et nationales semblent sujettes à des modifications, cet article aborde le Soudan comme une zone (par opposition à un pays fixé), dans le cadre de réseaux mondiaux de migration englobant des personnes, d'autres animaux, des choses et des idées.
  • Publication
    Embracing the Divine: Passion and Politics in the Christian Middle East
    (2012-11-01) Sharkey, Heather J; Sharkey, Heather J
  • Publication
    Lawha li-tha`ir sudani: al-Imam al-Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad b. 'Abd Allah (1844-1885)
    (1993) Sharkey, Heather J; Sharkey, Heather J