Lior, Noam
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Publication The Exergy Fields in Processes(2008-01-01) Lior, NoamThis paper is a very brief review of the method for analyzing the space and time dependent exergy and irreversibility fields in processes. It presents the basic equations, the method for their use, and three examples from the work of the author and his former graduate students: flow desiccation, combustion of oil droplets, and combustion of pulverized coal. Conclusions from this Second Law analysis are used to attempt process improvement suggestions.Publication A novel high-performance low-NOx fuel-rich/fuel-lean two-stage combustion gas and steam turbine system for power and heat generation(2007-01-09) Yamamoto, T.; Lior, Noam; Furuhata, Tomohiko; Arai, N.This paper proposes, describes, and analyses a novel high temperature and performance reheat gas turbine (GT) cogeneration system. This newly proposed system employing two-stage fuel-rich and fuel-lean combustion system is named as the ‘Fuel Rich–Lean Combustion Reheat GT Cogeneration System’ (RLCC). Energy and exergy analyses (the latter mainly to evaluate and demonstrate the reduction in exergy loss of this combustion process compared with conventional single-stage and fuel lean–lean combustion) of the proposed cogeneration system were performed and compared with a conventional cogeneration system. The proposed RLCC system is predicted to have an overall power generation efficiency of up to 53.0 per cent (low heating value (LHV) basis), exergy efficiency up to 61.9 per cent, and specific power up to 524.3 kJ/kg. Compared with a conventional cogeneration (CGC) system, its energy utilization efficiency was as high as 95.0 percent, 4.0 percentage points higher than that of the CGC system, the overall power generation efficiency was higher by 6.2 percentage points, and the exergy efficiency was higher by 7.8 percentage points, and the overall power-based NOx emissions was reduced by up to 34.0 per cent.Publication Evaluation of Some Thermal Power Cycles for Use in Space(2006-01-01) Tarlecki, Jason; Lior, Noam; Zhang, NaProduction of power in space for terrestrial use is of great interest in view of the rapidly rising power demand and its environmental impacts. Space also offers a very low temperature, making it a perfect heat sink for power plants, thus offering much higher efficiencies. This paper focuses on the evaluation and analysis of thermal Brayton, Ericsson and Rankine power cycles operating at space conditions on several appropriate working fluids. 1. Under the examined conditions, the thermal efficiency of Brayton cycles reaches 63%, Ericsson 74%, and Rankine 85%. These efficiencies are significantly higher than those for the computed or real terrestrial cycles: by up to 45% for the Brayton, and 17% for the Ericsson; remarkably 44% for the Rankine cycle even when compared with the best terrestrial combined cycles. From the considered working fluids, the diatomic gases (N2 and H2) produce somewhat better efficiencies than the monatomic ones in the Brayton and Rankine cycles, and somewhat lower efficiencies in the Ericsson cycle. The Rankine cycles require radiator areas that are larger by up to two orders of magnitude than those required for the Brayton and Ericsson cycles. The results of the analysis of the sensitivity of the cycle performance parameters to major parameters such as turbine inlet temperature and pressure ratio are presented, and the effects of the working fluid properties on cycle efficiency and on the power production per unit radiator area were explored to allow decisions on the optimal choice of working fluids.