Valentini, Karl
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Publication Gender Diversity In Boardrooms: Trends And Assumptions Along The Path To The Boardroom(2017-01-01) Valentini, KarlWith the increased attention given to corporate governance, there has been more of a focus on the lack of gender diversity in boardrooms. Within the context of corporate governance, this project studies the impacts of gender diversity initiatives for boardrooms. The thesis focuses on the path that women take to the boardroom and on how gender diversity initiatives affect the dimensions of that path. Gender diversity initiatives in both Norway and in the United Kingdom are studied, but the analysis narrows down and focuses on the Norwegian experience and the impacts of the Norwegian board quota. By analysing interviews with a broad range of participants in Norway, the thesis gives a qualitative view to the dimensions of the path to the boardroom through four themes: the role of formal mechanisms in the recruitment process, the assumptions related to the ideal board member, the emergence of new elite networks, and the transition from executive to board careers. These themes contribute to the literature on board recruitment and boardroom diversity. Finally, they serve as reference points for examining the current research on gender diversity in boardrooms and for starting new research.Publication Transfer Pricing: An Analysis Of The Impact Of Player Brand Value On Transfer Fees In European Football(2020-05-01) Valentini, KarlIn the past decade, the English Premier League has dramatically grown its commercial appeal and global audience. Yet, there has been little research on how the league’s growth could change the dynamics of the labour market for players. This study provides a unique framework for investigating player brand value through media coverage and exposure in order to determine its impact on player worth. Measuring player worth through the transfer fees that clubs pay to acquire players, this study provides insights on which factors are most predictive of transfer fee amounts. Throughout this study’s analysis, machine learning techniques are implemented and compared in order to assess the impacts of player brand value and determine a best fit model for predicting transfer fees. This study finds evidence that player brand value affects transfer fees and that the affect changes over time, but it concludes that more research is still needed.Publication Hedge Fund Activism and ESG: Examining the Role of Activist Hedge Funds as Protagonists in Capital Markets(2018-01-01) Valentini, KarlESG investing is a recent trend that has been gaining major traction in the investment community. Within that community, activist hedge funds have been powerful agents in shaping the corporate landscape and in creating value at the companies they target. Research has been conducted on both hedge fund activism and ESG investing, but fails to examine the intersection between the two investment strategies. To fill that gap, this paper aims to examine whether the increased popularity of ESG investing is affecting how activist investors pursue value creation at the companies they target. The findings show that the most common ESG considerations in activist campaigns relate to “Governance”. Further analysis of gender diversity as an ESG consideration suggests that activist hedge funds may be more likely to nominate female directors when target companies already have at least one female director. The paper ends with an analysis of why activist hedge funds are becoming more important for keeping companies accountable within the context of the rise of passive investing and how that can relate to more of a heightened focus on ESG considerations.