Yoo, Christopher S
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Publication Updating Internet Policy for the 21st Century(2014-02-01) Yoo, Christopher SOver time, the Internet has become much larger and more diverse in terms of users, applications, technologies, and business relationships. These changes have called into question the idea of network neutrality (the principle that Internet service providers and governments should treat all data equally), which has shaped Internet policy since the 1990s.Publication The Challenges and Success Factors of Internet Connectivity Initiatives Around the World and Policy Implications(2025-09-15) Kong, Isabelle; Christopher Yoo; Yoo, Christopher S; Gwaka, LeonAs global initiatives like Giga and Airtel aim to expand internet access in schools, the critical question remains: how effectively is this connectivity integrated into teaching and learning? This study investigates the real-world impacts of the Airtel School Connectivity Program in Rwanda by examining how internet access influences educational quality, teacher practice, and classroom conditions. Through 36 in-depth interviews with Rwandan teachers across 16 districts, the research identifies persistent gaps in infrastructure, ICT access, and instructional resources across all grade levels. Findings reveal that the most pressing challenges extend beyond connectivity, including socio-economic barriers, family support, and inadequate teacher training. Notably, ICT training emerged as the most needed form of professional development, with over 75% of teachers—regardless of experience level—reporting it as a key need. The study highlights the importance of pairing connectivity initiatives with robust investments in pedagogy and infrastructure to achieve meaningful improvements in education outcomes. Policy recommendations emphasize real-time school assessments and tailored support to ensure technology integration is both effective and equitable.