Zelizer, Barbie
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Publication Finding Aids to the Past: Bearing Personal Witness to Traumatic Public Events(2002-09-01) Zelizer, BarbieThe past compels us for what it tells us about the present. It is no wonder, then, that nearly everyone with a voice claims territoriality for it - wide-ranging collectives like nation-states; large-scale interested groups bonded by ethnicity, class and race; professional communities driven by expertise, like historians, filmmakers or journalists. Each strives to colonize connections to the past as a way of lending credence, cohesion or even a simple perspective to life in the present.Publication What's Untransportable About the Transport of Photographic Images?(2006-01-01) Zelizer, BarbieIn this essay I address how photographs function across different realms of popular experience. Tracking assumptions about the use of photographs in religion, art, advertising, law, politics, and journalism, I argue that the easy transportability of the photograph and claims to its indexical force hide its role in blurring the realms that constitute popular experience. Such blurring takes place even when the experience involved might have real consequences for the body politic, creating a need to better consider how photographs function differently in the various contexts that put them to use.Publication On Communicative Practice: The "Other Worlds" of Journalism and Shamanism(1992) Zelizer, BarbiePublication A Scholarly Look at Reporting the War(2004-01-01) Zelizer, BarbiePublication Covering Atrocity in Image(1998) Zelizer, BarbieUsing images to bear witness to atrocity required a different type of representation than did words. Images helped record the horror in memory after its concrete signs had disappeared, aud they did so in a way that told a larger story of Nazi atrocity. As the U.S. trade journal Editor and Publisher proclaimed, "the peoples of Europe, long subjected to floods of propaganda, no longer believe the written word. Only factual photographs will be accepted." While words produced a concrete and grounded chronicle of the camps' liberation, photographs were so instrumental to the broader aim of enlightening the world about Nazi actions that when Eisenhower proclaimed "let the world see," he implicitly called upon photography's aura of realism to help accomplish that aim. Through its dual function as carrier of truth-value and symbol, photography thus helped the world bear witness by providing a context for events at the same time as it displayed them.Publication How Bias Shapes the News: Challenging the New York Times' Status as a Newspaper of Record on the Middle East(2002-12-01) Zelizer, BarbieThis article addresses bias in the American press and shows how the inevitability of reporting from a point of view challenges the possibility of a newspaper of record on the Middle East. Examining 30 days of coverage of the Intifada, it both shows that coverage of events varied across three mainstream US newspapers - The New York Times, The Washington Post and Chicago Tribune - and demonstrates that in the case of the newspaper most often called a newspaper of record - The New York Times -coverage varied in distinct ways from other mainstream newspapers. The article thus considers how the Times reputation and influence converge with its record in creating a broader impression about the perspective of the US press on the Middle East.Publication The Voice of the Visual in Memory(2004-01-01) Zelizer, BarbieFor as long as collective memory has been an area of scholarly concern, the precise role of images as its vehicle has been asserted rather than explicated. This essay addresses the role of images in collective memory. Motivated by circumstances in which images, rather than words, emerge as the preferred way to establish and maintain shared knowledge from earlier times, it offers the heuristic of "voice" to help explain how images work across represented events from different times and places. The essay uses "voice" to elucidate how the visual becomes an effective mode of relay about the past and a key vehicle of memory.Publication Definitions of Journalism(2005-01-01) Zelizer, BarbiePublication From the Image of Record to the Image of Memory: Holocaust Photography, Then and Now(1999) Zelizer, BarbiePublication Afterthoughts: So Where Are We to Turn in the Study of Journalism(2000-04-01) Zelizer, BarbieThe contributors to this symposium on the identity, mission, and direction of journalism studies have raised more questions than answers. Each contributor faced responding to: what is required to ensure that journalism’s scholarship remains connected with its practice and criticism? How are we to study journalism in a way that will keep it vital, relevant, and yet connected to impulses that go beyond the world of newsmaking? How are we to create a future for the study of journalism? While answering questions with questions is a rhetorical strategy with sometimes positive implications, here it appears to fasten ambivalence and uncertainty as the default assumptions underlying the study of journalism.