Conservative estimates suggest that approximately 200 million people have schistosomiasis and 650 live in endemic areas and thus are at increased risk for contracting the infection (World Health Organization [WHO], 2007a). Of particular interest is that the prevalence of schistosomiasis in the People's Republic of China where, in spite of large governmental initiatives, it remains at concerning levels in some areas. Further, the rates of schistosomiasis infections are predicted to increase because of a decrease in the funds allotted to the effort, the ecological and social ramifications of large building projects, and the inability to sustain short-lived approaches to control the disease. As a result, re-emergence has occurred in some areas once considered under transmission control. This paper will explore past strategies implemented in China, examine factors that enabled Japan to successfully eradicate the disease and discuss some new approaches that could enable China to reach its ultimate goal of complete eradication of schistosomiasis.