An Examination of Brønsted-Acid Sites in H-[Fe]ZSM-5 for Olefin Oligomerization and Adsorption
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https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?filename=1&article=1055&context=cbe_papers&type=additional
https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?filename=2&article=1055&context=cbe_papers&type=additional
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The adsorption and reaction properties of an Al-free H-[Fe]ZSM-5 were examined and compared to an H-[Al]ZSM-5 sample with the same site density. H-[Fe]ZSM-5 was shown to have Brønsted-acid sites in a concentration equal to the framework Fe concentration. Differential heats of adsorption for ammonia and pyridine were shown to be identical to that obtained in H-[Al]ZSM-5, with differential heats of ~150 kJ/mol for ammonia and 200 kJ/mol for pyridine. For H-[Al]ZSM-5, adsorption of either propylene or 1-butene at room temperature results in rapid oligomerization. TPD-TGA measurements of the oligomers in H-[Al]ZSM-5 show evidence for hydride-transfer reactions, in addition to simple oligomer cracking. By contrast, it is necessary to heat H-[Fe]ZSM-5 to 370 K for rapid oligomerization of propylene and oligomerization of 1-butene occurs only slowly at 295 K. TPD-TGA measurements of the oligomers in H-[Fe]ZSM-5 show no evidence for hydride-transfer reactions and H-[Fe]ZSM-5 forms much less coke than H-[Al]ZSM-5 during steady-state reaction in 1-butene at 573 K. Adsorption measurements of 1-butene on D-[Fe]ZSM-5 suggest that the protonated complexes of 1-butene are formed but that these are relatively stable towards reaction, implying that the carbocation transition states are relatively unstable.