
Statistics Papers
Document Type
Journal Article
Date of this Version
2008
Publication Source
Journal of the American Statistical Association
Volume
103
Issue
481
Start Page
271
Last Page
279
DOI
10.1198/016214507000000897
Abstract
In the Prospect Study, in ten pairs of two primary-care practices, one practice was picked at random to receive a “depression care manager” to treat its depressed patients. Randomization inference, properly performed, reflects the assignment of practices, not patients, to treatment or control. Yet, pertinent data describe individual patients: depression outcomes, baseline covariates, compliance with treatment. The methods discussed use only (i) the random assignment of clusters to treatment or control and (ii) the hypothesis about effects being tested or inverted for confidence intervals, so they are randomization inferences in Fisher's strict sense. There is no assumption that the covariance model generated the data, that compliers resemble noncompliers, that dependence is from additive random cluster effects, that individuals in a same cluster do not interfere with one another, or that units are sampled from a population. We contrast methods of covariance adjustment, never assuming the models are “true,” obtaining exact randomization inferences. We consider exact inference about effects proportional to doses with noncompliance and effects whose magnitude varies with the degree of improvement that would occur without treatment. A simulation examines power.
Copyright/Permission Statement
This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of the American Statistical Association on 01 Jan 2012, available online: http://wwww.tandfonline.com/10.1198/016214507000000897.
Keywords
casual effect, instrumental variable, noncompliance, randomization
Recommended Citation
Small, D., Ten Have, T. R., & Rosenbaum, P. R. (2008). Randomization Inference in a Group–Randomized Trial of Treatments for Depression: Covariate Adjustment, Noncompliance and Quantile Effects. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 103 (481), 271-279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1198/016214507000000897
Date Posted: 27 November 2017