Lateral force calibration in atomic force microscopy: A new lateral force calibration method and general guidelines for optimization

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atomic force microscopy
calibration
cantilevers
force measurement
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Cannara, Rachel J
Eglin, Michael
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Proper force calibration is a critical step in atomic and lateral force microscopies (AFM/LFM). The recently published torsional Sader method [C. P. Green et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 1988 (2004)] facilitates the calculation of torsional spring constants of rectangular AFM cantilevers by eliminating the need to obtain information or make assumptions regarding the cantilever's material properties and thickness, both of which are difficult to measure. Complete force calibration of the lateral signal in LFM requires measurement of the lateral signal deflection sensitivity as well. In this article, we introduce a complete lateral force calibration procedure that employs the torsional Sader method and does not require making contact between the tip and any sample. In this method, a colloidal sphere is attached to a "test" cantilever of the same width, but different length and material as the "target" cantilever of interest. The lateral signal sensitivity is calibrated by loading the colloidal sphere laterally against a vertical sidewall. The signal sensitivity for the target cantilever is then corrected for the tip length, total signal strength, and in-plane bending of the cantilevers. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this approach in comparison with the other established lateral force calibration techniques, and make a direct comparison with the "wedge" calibration method. The methods agree to within 5%. The propagation of errors is explicitly considered for both methods and the sources of disagreement discussed. Finally, we show that the lateral signal sensitivity is substantially reduced when the laser spot is not centered on the detector.

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2006-05-22
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Copyright 2006 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. Reprinted in Review of Scientific Instruments, Volume 77, Article 053701, May 2006, 11 pages. NOTE: At the time of publication, author Robert W. Carpick was affiliated with the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Currently May 2007, he is a faculty member in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics at the University of Pennsylvania.
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