The Economic Fabric(s) of a Roman Countryside: Rural Consumer Networks in the First Centuries BCE/CE Southern Tuscany investigates the nature of rural, non-elite economic networks in southern Tuscany during the 1st centuries BCE/CE. I focus on rural non-elites and other smallholders specifically because they have been historically marginalized from models of Roman economic history, which are more commonly oriented around top-down, elite or state-driven, macroeconomic enterprise. My principal argument is that contrary to assumptions about rural non-elites as autarkic or completely reliant on local or self-production, the rural smallholders in this area routinely engaged with the same economic systems that have been used to argue for widespread Roman urban consumerism. To test this theory, I utilize a petrographic analysis of nearly 300 coarseware ceramics excavated from a group of nine rural sites by the Roman Peasant Project between 2009-2014. By adopting a consumer-based, bottom up perspective, my analysis demonstrates that these rural smallholders in southern Tuscany had access to a much wider range of consumer goods than archaeologists commonly imagine, and that even at rural sites which produced ceramic coarsewares, “imported” wares were commonplace and typically outnumbered those produced on-site. Moreover, access to these goods was not conditioned solely by an individual’s proximity to an urban or quasi-urban center but was instead the result of their quotidian movement throughout the landscape. Finally, I argue that the wide range of consumer goods to which these rural smallholders had access, and their selective acquisition of different subsets of these assemblages, illustrates that even rural, non-elite individuals could individually express consumer choice. This study therefore aims to restore economic agency to a sidelined portion of the ancient population by demonstrating that at least some rural material assemblages were not cobbled together by necessity and constrained by availability. Instead, they were chosen, purchased, and collected with intentionality—even in seemingly remote landscapes—by non-elites, thus demonstrating the importance of aggregated rural smallholder demand in Roman economic networks.