Canine Retina Has a Primate Fovea-Like Bouquet of Cone Photoreceptors Which Is Affected by Inherited Macular Degenerations

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dc.contributor.authorBeltran, William
dc.contributor.authorCideciyan, Artur V
dc.contributor.authorBeltran, William
dc.contributor.authorRuthel, Gordon
dc.contributor.authorAguirre, Gustavo D
dc.contributor.authorGuziewicz, Karina E
dc.contributor.authorZorger, Richard
dc.contributor.authorScott, Erin M
dc.contributor.authorJacobson, Samuel G
dc.contributor.authorRuthel, Gordon
dc.contributor.authorStefano, Frank
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Lingli
dc.contributor.authorZorger, Richard
dc.contributor.authorSumaroka, Alexander
dc.contributor.authorJacobson, Samuel G
dc.date2023-05-17T09:47:51.000
dc.date.accessioned2023-05-23T04:45:45Z
dc.date.available2023-05-23T04:45:45Z
dc.date.issued2014-03-05
dc.date.submitted2014-10-21T07:27:24-07:00
dc.description.abstractRetinal areas of specialization confer vertebrates with the ability to scrutinize corresponding regions of their visual field with greater resolution. A highly specialized area found in haplorhine primates (including humans) is the fovea centralis which is defined by a high density of cone photoreceptors connected individually to interneurons, and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that are offset to form a pit lacking retinal capillaries and inner retinal neurons at its center. In dogs, a local increase in RGC density is found in a topographically comparable retinal area defined as the area centralis. While the canine retina is devoid of a foveal pit, no detailed examination of the photoreceptors within the area centralis has been reported. Using both in vivo and ex vivo imaging, we identified a retinal region with a primate fovea-like cone photoreceptor density but without the excavation of the inner retina. Similar anatomical structure observed in rare human subjects has been named fovea-plana. In addition, dogs with mutations in two different genes, that cause macular degeneration in humans, developed earliest disease at the newly-identified canine fovea-like area. Our results challenge the dogma that within the phylogenetic tree of mammals, haplorhine primates with a fovea are the sole lineage in which the retina has a central bouquet of cones. Furthermore, a predilection for naturally-occurring retinal degenerations to alter this cone-enriched area fills the void for a clinically-relevant animal model of human macular degenerations.
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/48994
dc.legacy.articleid1085
dc.legacy.fields10.1371/journal.pone.0090390
dc.legacy.fulltexturlhttps://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1085&context=vet_papers&unstamped=1
dc.rights<p>© 2014 Beltran et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</a>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</p>
dc.source.beginpagee90390
dc.source.issue74
dc.source.issue3
dc.source.journalDepartmental Papers (Vet)
dc.source.journaltitlePLoS ONE
dc.source.peerreviewedtrue
dc.source.statuspublished
dc.source.volume9
dc.subject.otherretina
dc.subject.otherhaplorhine primates
dc.subject.otherganglion cells
dc.subject.otherRGC
dc.subject.otherarea centrailis
dc.subject.otherMedicine and Health Sciences
dc.subject.otherOphthalmology
dc.subject.otherVeterinary Medicine
dc.titleCanine Retina Has a Primate Fovea-Like Bouquet of Cone Photoreceptors Which Is Affected by Inherited Macular Degenerations
dc.typeArticle
digcom.contributor.authorisAuthorOfPublication|email:wbeltran@vet.upenn.edu|institution:University of Pennsylvania|Beltran, William
digcom.contributor.authorisAuthorOfPublication|email:cideciya@mail.med.upenn.edu|institution:University of Pennsylvania|Cideciyan, Artur V
digcom.contributor.authorGuziewicz, Karina E
digcom.contributor.authorIwabe, Simone
digcom.contributor.authorScott, Erin M
digcom.contributor.authorSavina, Svetlana V
digcom.contributor.authorisAuthorOfPublication|email:goruthel@vet.upenn.edu|institution:University of Pennsylvania|Ruthel, Gordon
digcom.contributor.authorStefano, Frank
digcom.contributor.authorZhang, Lingli
digcom.contributor.authorisAuthorOfPublication|email:zorger@mail.med.upenn.edu|institution:University of Pennsylvania|Zorger, Richard
digcom.contributor.authorSumaroka, Alexander
digcom.contributor.authorisAuthorOfPublication|email:jacobsos@mail.med.upenn.edu|institution:University of Pennsylvania|Jacobson, Samuel G
digcom.contributor.authorisAuthorOfPublication|email:gda@vet.upenn.edu|institution:University of Pennsylvania|Aguirre, Gustavo D
digcom.identifiervet_papers/74
digcom.identifier.contextkey6260191
digcom.identifier.submissionpathvet_papers/74
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upenn.schoolDepartmentCenterDepartmental Papers (Vet)
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