‘‘Crossdressing’’ and Phonetic Variation as Stylistic Differentiation
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Abstract
This paper examines variation in the use of rhoticity in Nigerian English, which is not traditionally a rhotic variety. Rhoticity is found to be primarily used by Nigerian crossdressers, with gender identity emerging as the most significant of all predictors tested. Nigerian crossdressers occupy a peripheral position in Nigeria as individuals who transgress social norms of heteronormativity. I show how, in the face of the vilification meted out to them, they use rhoticity as a stylistic resource for differentiation and inoculation. Using a media-based video-recorded dataset, I argue that this rhoticity (and hyper-rhoticity) is a recontextualization of American English rhoticity. In essence, the crossdressers’ association with a prestigious foreign identity serves not just as a stylistic resource for distinction and differentiation but also as a resistance to the stigmatization they encounter. Implicit claims embedded in rhoticity, therefore, serve as an idiom of resistance against the symbolic and material oppression meted out to Nigerian crossdressers and other queer individuals in the country.