This research explores the role of sex in examining MRI-based imaging biomarkers in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Our research consisted of performing a systematic review of more than 3,000 published studies dating back to 2015, and we identified 25 publications that met stringent criteria including but not limited to the topics of women and men, usage of structural, diffusion, perfusion, or functional MRI, and of course TBI. Across the studies, the two most frequently examined domains included white matter microstructure and functional connectivity, which revealed different patterns of neural organization for each sex - women demonstrate increased inter-hemispheric connectivity, and men display stronger intra-hemispheric connectivity. Examples from these studies demonstrate biological sex differences that could influence recovery and treatment following TBI. The review highlights the need for research using equitable and accurate research practices, such as purposely representing sex in study samples and considering intersectional experiences relevant to TBI, including race and socioeconomic status.