Plastid-Expressed Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Gene in Carrot Cultured Cells, Roots, and Leaves Confers Enhanced Salt Tolerance1

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dc.contributor.authorKumar, Shashi
dc.contributor.authorDhingra, Amit
dc.contributor.authorDaniell, Henry
dc.date2023-05-18T00:22:49.000
dc.date.accessioned2023-05-22T13:13:15Z
dc.date.available2023-05-22T13:13:15Z
dc.date.issued2004-09-01
dc.date.submitted2021-02-08T10:49:49-08:00
dc.description.abstractSalinity is one of the major factors that limits geographical distribution of plants and adversely affects crop productivity and quality. We report here high-level expression of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) in cultured cells, roots, and leaves of carrot (Daucus carota) via plastid genetic engineering. Homoplasmic transgenic plants exhibiting high levels of salt tolerance were regenerated from bombarded cell cultures via somatic embryogenesis. Transformation efficiency of carrot somatic embryos was very high, with one transgenic event per approximately seven bombarded plates under optimal conditions. In vitro transgenic carrot cells transformed with the badh transgene were visually green in color when compared to untransformed carrot cells, and this offered a visual selection for transgenic lines. BADH enzyme activity was enhanced 8-fold in transgenic carrot cell cultures, grew 7-fold more, and accumulated 50- to 54-fold more betaine (93–101 μmol g−1 dry weight of β-Ala betaine and Gly betaine) than untransformed cells grown in liquid medium containing 100 mm NaCl. Transgenic carrot plants expressing BADH grew in the presence of high concentrations of NaCl (up to 400 mm), the highest level of salt tolerance reported so far among genetically modified crop plants. BADH expression was 74.8% in non-green edible parts (carrots) containing chromoplasts, and 53% in proplastids of cultured cells when compared to chloroplasts (100%) in leaves. Demonstration of plastid transformation via somatic embryogenesis utilizing non-green tissues as recipients of foreign DNA for the first time overcomes two of the major obstacles in extending this technology to important crop plants.
dc.description.comments<p>At the time of publication, author Henry Daniell was affiliated with the University of Central Florida. Currently, (s)he is a faculty member at the School of Dental Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.</p>
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.upenn.edu/handle/20.500.14332/8894
dc.legacy.articleid1256
dc.legacy.fields10.1104/pp.104.045187
dc.legacy.fulltexturlhttps://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1256&amp;context=dental_papers&amp;unstamped=1
dc.rights<p>© American Society of Plant Biologists.</p>
dc.source.beginpage2843
dc.source.endpage2854
dc.source.issue183
dc.source.issue1
dc.source.journalDepartmental Papers (Dental)
dc.source.journaltitlePlant Physiology
dc.source.peerreviewedtrue
dc.source.statuspublished
dc.source.volume136
dc.subject.otherDentistry
dc.titlePlastid-Expressed Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Gene in Carrot Cultured Cells, Roots, and Leaves Confers Enhanced Salt Tolerance1
dc.typeArticle
digcom.contributor.authorKumar, Shashi
digcom.contributor.authorDhingra, Amit
digcom.contributor.authorDaniell, Henry
digcom.identifierdental_papers/183
digcom.identifier.contextkey21538929
digcom.identifier.submissionpathdental_papers/183
digcom.typearticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
upenn.schoolDepartmentCenterDepartmental Papers (Dental)
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