Date of Award

2020

Degree Type

Dissertation

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Graduate Group

Mathematics

First Advisor

James Haglund

Second Advisor

Greta Panova

Abstract

Defined by Richard Stanley in the early 1990s, the chromatic symmetric func-

tion X G of a graph G enumerates for each integer partition λ of |V (G)| the number

of proper colorings of G that partition V (G) into stable sets of sizes equal to the

parts of λ. Thus, X G is a refinement of the well-known chromatic polynomial χ G ,

and its coefficients in different symmetric function bases provide further informa-

tion on the structure of G than χ G . However, X G loses some of the utility of χ G

because it fails to admit a natural edge deletion-contraction relation. To address

this shortcoming we introduce vertex-weighted graphs (G, w) consisting of a graph G

and a weight function w : V (G) → N. Then X G extends in a natural way to a new

function X (G,w) on vertex-weighted graphs. We demonstrate that X (G,w) satisfies

a deletion-contraction relation akin to that of the chromatic polynomial, and use

this relation to both derive new properties of the chromatic symmetric function and

prove previously known properties in an original way. In the case of prior results,

the new proofs are typically simpler and more intuitive than the original proofs, and

are more closely related to analogous proofs of properties of the chromatic polyno-

mial. We then demonstrate how the deletion-contraction relation can be used as

a new tool to research open questions involving X G . We also explore a similar ex-

tension of the bad-coloring chromatic symmetric function XB G to vertex-weighted

graphs, and we consider applications of these new functions to graph isomorphism

and symmetric function bases.

Download

Included in

Mathematics Commons

Share

COinS