EGF Induces Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Stem-like Cell Properties in Human Oral Cancer Cells via Promoting Warburg Effect

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Departmental Papers (Dental)
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Cancer stem cells
EGF
EMT
Oral cancer
Warburg effect
aldehyde dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1
BMI1 protein
CD24 antigen
deoxyglucose
epidermal growth factor
epidermal growth factor receptor
Hermes antigen
hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha
lactic acid
phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 gene
animal experiment
animal model
animal tissue
Article
Bmi 1 gene
cancer stem cell
carcinogenesis
cell invasion
cervical lymph node metastasis
controlled study
disease activity
epithelial mesenchymal transition
female
glycolysis
human
human cell
in vivo study
lymph node metastasis
molecular dynamics
molecular pathology
mouse
mouth squamous cell carcinoma
nonhuman
oncogene
oral cancer cell line
oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line
protein determination
protein expression
protein function
tumor invasion
Warburg effect
Dentistry
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Oral Biology and Oral Pathology
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Xu, Qilin
Zhang, Qunzhou
Ishida, Yasutaka
Jajjar, Souren
Tang, Xudong
Shi, Haoran
Dang, Chi V
Le, Anh D
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Abstract

"Warburg effect", the enhanced glycolysis or aerobic glycolysis, confers cancer cells the ability to survive and proliferate even under stressed conditions. In this study, we explored the role of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in orchestrating Warburg effect, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, and the acquisition of cancer stem-like cell properties in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. Our results showed that EGF induces EMT process in OSCC cells, which correlates with the acquisition of cancer stem-like properties, including the enrichment of CD44+/CD24-population of cancer cells and an increased expression of CSC-related genes, aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH1) and Bmi-1. We also showed that EGF concomitantly enhanced L-lactate production, while blocking glycolysis by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) robustly reversed EGF-induced EMT process and CSC-like properties in OSCC cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that EGF promoted EMT process and CSC generation through EGFR/PI3K/HIF-1α axis-orchestrated glycolysis. Using an orthotopic tumor model of human OSCC (UM-SCC1) injected in the tongue of BALB/c nude mice, we showed that treatment with 2-DG in vivo significantly inhibited the metastasis of tumor cells to the regional cervical lymph nodes and reduced the expression of ALDH1 and vimentin in both in situ tumors and tumor cell-invaded regional lymph nodes. Taken together, these findings have unveiled a new mechanism that EGF drives OSCC metastasis through induction of EMT process and CSC generation, which is driven by an enhanced glycolytic metabolic program in OSCC cells.

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2017-01-01
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Oncotarget
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Journal not peer-reviewed
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