Departmental Papers (Dental)

Document Type

Journal Article

Date of this Version

10-2015

Publication Source

Plant Biotechnology Journal

Volume

13

Issue

8

Start Page

1056

Last Page

1070

DOI

10.1111/pbi.12471

Abstract

Although the plant-made vaccine field started three decades ago with the promise of developing low-cost vaccines to prevent infectious disease outbreaks and epidemics around the globe, this goal has not yet been achieved. Plants offer several major advantages in vaccine generation, including low-cost production by eliminating expensive fermentation and purification systems, sterile delivery and cold storage/transportation. Most importantly, oral vaccination using plant-made antigens confers both mucosal (IgA) and systemic (IgG) immunity. Studies in the past 5 years have made significant progress in expressing vaccine antigens in edible leaves (especially lettuce), processing leaves or seeds through lyophilization and achieving antigen stability and efficacy after prolonged storage at ambient temperatures. Bioencapsulation of antigens in plant cells protects them from the digestive system; the fusion of antigens to transmucosal carriers enhances efficiency of their delivery to the immune system and facilitates successful development of plant vaccines as oral boosters. However, the lack of oral priming approaches diminishes these advantages because purified antigens, cold storage/transportation and limited shelf life are still major challenges for priming with adjuvants and for antigen delivery by injection. Yet another challenge is the risk of inducing tolerance without priming the host immune system. Therefore, mechanistic aspects of these two opposing processes (antibody production or suppression) are discussed in this review. In addition, we summarize recent progress made in oral delivery of vaccine antigens expressed in plant cells via the chloroplast or nuclear genomes and potential challenges in achieving immunity against infectious diseases using cold-chain-free vaccine delivery approaches.

Copyright/Permission Statement

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article:Chan, H.-T., & Daniell, H. (2015). Plant-made oral vaccines against human infectious diseases—Are we there yet? Plant Biotechnology Journal, 13(8), 1056–1070. http://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12471, which has been published in final form at http://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12471. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving http://olabout.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-820227.html#terms.

Keywords

human infectious diseases, molecular farming, plant transformation, bioencapsulation, oral delivery, mucosal immune response

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Date Posted: 01 March 2022

This document has been peer reviewed.