Departmental Papers (Dental)
Document Type
Journal Article
Date of this Version
12-2014
Publication Source
Hypertension
Volume
16
Issue
4
Start Page
1248
Last Page
1259
DOI
10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03871
Abstract
Emerging evidences indicate that diminished activity of the vasoprotective axis of the renin–angiotensin system, constituting angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and its enzymatic product, angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, long-term repetitive delivery of ACE2 or Ang-(1-7) would require enhanced protein stability and ease of administration to improve patient compliance. Chloroplast expression of therapeutic proteins enables their bioencapsulation within plant cells to protect against gastric enzymatic degradation and facilitates long-term storage at room temperature. Besides, fusion to a transmucosal carrier helps effective systemic absorption from the intestine on oral delivery. We hypothesized that bioencapsulating ACE2 or Ang-(1-7) fused to the cholera nontoxin B subunit would enable development of an oral delivery system that is effective in treating PH. PH was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats by monocrotaline administration. Subset of animals was simultaneously treated with bioencapsulaed ACE2 or Ang-(1-7) (prevention protocol). In a separate set of experiments, drug treatment was initiated after 2 weeks of PH induction (reversal protocol). Oral feeding of rats with bioencapsulated ACE2 or Ang-(1-7) prevented the development of monocrotaline-induced PH and improved associated cardiopulmonary pathophysiology. Furthermore, in the reversal protocol, oral ACE2 or Ang-(1-7) treatment significantly arrested disease progression, along with improvement in right heart function, and decrease in pulmonary vessel wall thickness. In addition, a combination therapy with ACE2 and Ang-(1-7) augmented the beneficial effects against monocrotaline-induced lung injury. Our study provides proof-of-concept for a novel low-cost oral ACE2 or Ang-(1-7) delivery system using transplastomic technology for pulmonary disease therapeutics.
Copyright/Permission Statement
This is a non-final version of an article published in final form in (Shenoy, V., Kwon, K.-C., Rathinasabapathy, A., Lin, S., Jin, G., Song, C., … Raizada, M. K. (2014). Oral Delivery of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and Angiotensin-(1-7) Bioencapsulated in Plant Cells Attenuates Pulmonary Hypertension. Hypertension, 64(6), 1248–1259. http://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03871).
Keywords
chloroplast, molecular farming, plant-made pharmaceuticals, pulmonary hypertension, renin–angiotensin system
Recommended Citation
Shenoy, V., Kwon, K., Rathinasabapathy, A., Lin, S., Jin, G., Song, C., Shil, P., Nair, A., Qi, Y., Li, Q., Francis, J., Katovich, M. J., Daniell, H., & Raizada, M. K. (2014). Oral Delivery of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 and Angiotensin-(1-7) Bioencapsulated in Plant Cells Attenuates Pulmonary Hypertension. Hypertension, 16 (4), 1248-1259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03871
Date Posted: 01 March 2022
This document has been peer reviewed.