Copyright (c) 2009 University of Pennsylvania All rights reserved. http://repository.upenn.edu/library_papers Recent documents in Scholarship at Penn Libraries en-us Tue, 21 Jul 2009 15:15:06 PDT 3600 http://repository.upenn.edu/library_papers/68 http://repository.upenn.edu/library_papers/68 Mon, 20 Jul 2009 05:53:52 PDT In this article, David Garlan, Robert Allen, and John Ockerbloom reflect on the state of architectural mismatch, a term they coined in their 1995 IEEE Software article, "Architectural Mismatch: Why Reuse Is So Hard." Although the nature of software systems has changed dramatically since the earlier article was published, the challenge of architectural mismatch remains an important concern for the software engineering field. David Garlan http://repository.upenn.edu/library_papers/67 http://repository.upenn.edu/library_papers/67 Thu, 20 Nov 2008 12:28:49 PST MLA-L, the electronic-mail distribution list for music librarians, is now twenty years old. Before the establishment of the list in 1989, professional communication among music librarians was paper based and slow. The growth of computer networks in the early 1980s led to the development of applications to promote group communication, including LISTSERV, an e-mail distribution application released in 1986. With the help of Mary Papakhian, a member of the information technology staff at Indiana University, Ralph Papakhian established MLA-L as the first distribution list on the university's LISTSERV server. Growth of the list was rapid: by the end of 1995, there were over 1,000 subscribers, and since then the number has slowly increased to over 1,100. The topics of discussion on MLA-L cover all aspects of the profession, and the archives of messages posted to the list provide a rich resource for the study of the history of music librarianship. Richard Griscom http://repository.upenn.edu/library_papers/66 http://repository.upenn.edu/library_papers/66 Fri, 31 Oct 2008 12:47:16 PDT In an age of mass digitization with book scanning projects like Google and Microsoft and their open access rival, the Open Archives Initiative, it is easy to forget that this is not the first time such efforts to "organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful" have been attempted. In 1926, A. W. Pollard and G. R. Redgrave compiled A short-title catalogue of books printed in England, Scotland, & Ireland and of English books printed abroad, 1475-1640 which at that time was the most comprehensive bibliography of English printed material in the early modern period. That project later developed into Early English Books (EEB), a microfilm project started by University Microfilms International (UMI), and an electronic database Early English Books Online (EEBO) produced by ProQuest Information and Learning. Shawn Martin http://repository.upenn.edu/library_papers/65 http://repository.upenn.edu/library_papers/65 Thu, 12 Jun 2008 11:15:56 PDT Much of the publicity around recent mass-digitization projects focuses on the millions of books they promise to make freely readable online. Because of copyright, though, most of the books provided in full will be of mainly historical interest. But much of the richest historical text content is not in books at all, but in the newspapers, magazines, newsletters, and scholarly journals where events are reported firsthand, stories and essays make their debut, research findings are announced and critiqued, and issues of the day debated. Back runs of many of these serials are available in major research institutions but often in few other places. But they have the potential for much more intensive use, by a much wider community, if they are digitized and made generally accessible.In this talk, we will discuss an inventory we have conducted at Penn of periodicals copyright renewals. We found that copyrights of the vast majority of mid-20th-century American serials of historical interest were not renewed to their fullest possible extent. The inventory reveals a rich trove of copyright-free digitizable serial content from major periodicals as late as the 1960s. Drawing on our experience with this inventory's production and previous registry development, we will also show how low-cost, scalable knowledge bases could be built from this inventory to help libraries more easily identify freely digitizable serial content, and collaborate in making it digitally available to the world. Our initial raw inventory can be found at http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/cce/firstperiod.html John Mark Ockerbloom Copyright http://repository.upenn.edu/library_papers/64 http://repository.upenn.edu/library_papers/64 Thu, 12 Jun 2008 11:15:55 PDT My ALA Mindwinter 2008 presentation slides on subject maps. For more details on how subject maps are created, see the New Maps of the Library white paper from 2006. John Mark Ockerbloom Information discovery http://repository.upenn.edu/library_papers/63 http://repository.upenn.edu/library_papers/63 Thu, 12 Jun 2008 11:15:53 PDT Issues of information and systems architecture underly many of the current debates over the future of cataloging. This talk discusses some ways in which the architecture of the catalog is being redesigned to combine the rich information architecture of library metadata with the robust systems architecture of many Web-based discovery systems. I will show "subject map" discovery systems that better exploit the relationships in complex ontologies like LCSH, and discuss a Digital Library Federation initiative to promote standards supporting interoperability between discovery systems and ILS data and services. I will also touch on the role of networked architectures in improving the quality and efficiency of library cataloging. John Mark Ockerbloom Information discovery http://repository.upenn.edu/library_papers/62 http://repository.upenn.edu/library_papers/62 Thu, 12 Jun 2008 11:15:52 PDT In an effort to measure in-house use of music periodicals, a citation study based on bibliographies in theses and dissertations was conducted at the Indiana University Music Library. A total of 256 titles were cited, but only 30% were cited more than once. While the periodical literature cited by musicologists has a low rate of obsolescence, the periodicals cited by theorists and educators becomes obsolete at a rapid rate, making the rate of obsolescence for the field as a whole, fairly high, unlike other subject areas in the humanities. Richard Griscom Music Librarianship http://repository.upenn.edu/library_papers/61 http://repository.upenn.edu/library_papers/61 Mon, 12 May 2008 12:26:00 PDT This report assesses the effects of aircraft on climate and atmospheric ozone and is the first IPCC report for a specific industrial subsector. It was prepared by IPCC in collaboration with the Scientific Assessment Panel to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, in response to a request by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) because of the potential impact of aviation emissions. These are the predominant anthropogenic emissions deposited directly into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Aviation has experienced rapid expansion as the world economy has grown. Passenger traffic (expressed as revenue passenger kilometers) has grown since 1960 at nearly 9% per year, 2.4 times the average Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate. Freight traffic, approximately 80% of which is carried by passenger airplanes, has also grown over the same time period. The rate of growth of passenger traffic has slowed to about 5% in 1997 as the industry is maturing. Total aviation emissions have increased, because increased demand for air transport has outpaced the reductions in specific emissions from the continuing improvements in technology and operational procedures. Passenger traffic, assuming unconstrained demand, is projected to grow at rates in excess of GDP for the period assessed in this report. Anu Vedantham http://repository.upenn.edu/library_papers/60 http://repository.upenn.edu/library_papers/60 Fri, 09 May 2008 12:52:53 PDT This study addresses the issue of how important full-text electronic resources are to the advanced research of undergraduate and graduate philosophy students. The fact that students in the humanities tend to rely on resources that are often not available in full-text electronic format suggests that this format is of somewhat marginal importance to philosophy students, but no empirical studies have verified this. By performing a citation analysis of undergraduate honors theses and masters theses completed at UNC-Chapel Hill between 1998 and 2000, the researcher presents empirical evidence suggesting that students performing high-level philosophy research at UNC-Chapel Hill during this period made little use of material available in full-text electronic form. Nicholas E. Okrent http://repository.upenn.edu/library_papers/59 http://repository.upenn.edu/library_papers/59 Mon, 05 May 2008 13:34:05 PDT Three-dimensional (latitude, longitude, altitude) global inventories of civil and military aircraft fuel burned and emissions have been developed for the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for the years 1976, 1984, and 1992, and by the European Abatement of Nuisances Caused by Air Transport (ANCAT)/European Commission (EC) Working Group and the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) for 1991/92. For 1992, the results of the inventory calculations are in good agreement, with total fuel used by aviation calculated to be 129.3 Tg (DLR), 131.2 Tg (ANCAT), and 139.4 Tg (NASA). Total emissions of NOx (as N02) in 1992 were calculated to range from 1.7 Tg (NASA) to 1.8 Tg (ANCAT and DLR). Forecasts of air travel demand and technology developed by NASA and ANCAT for 2015 have been used to create three-dimensional (3-D) data sets of fuel burn and NOx emissions for purposes of modeling the near-term effects of aircraft. The NASA 2015 forecast results in a global fuel burn of 309 Tg, with a NOx emission of 4.1 Tg (as N02); the global emission index, EI(NOx) (g NOx/kg fuel), is 13.4. In contrast, the ANCAT 2015 forecast results in lower values-a global fuel burn of 287 Tg, an emission of 3.5 Tg of NOx and a global emission index of 12.3. The differences arise from the distribution of air travel demand and technology assumptions. S. L. Baughcum