Diabetes Enhances Periodontal Bone Loss Through Enhanced Resorption and Diminished Bone Formation

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Departmental Papers (Dental)
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bone coupling
cell death
bacteria
gingiva
hyperglycemia
inflammation
infection
in vivo
periodontitis
Bacterial Infections and Mycoses
Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism
Periodontics and Periodontology
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Liu, Rongkun
Bal, Harbinder S
Desta, Tesfahun
Krothapalli, Nanarao
Alyassi, Monaf
Luan, Qingxian
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Abstract

Using a ligature-induced model in type-2 Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat and normoglycemic littermates, we investigated whether diabetes primarily affects periodontitis by enhancing bone loss or by limiting osseous repair. Diabetes increased the intensity and duration of the inflammatory infiltrate (P < 0.05). The formation of osteoclasts and percent eroded bone after 7 days of ligature placement was similar, while four days after removal of ligatures, the type 2 diabetic group had significantly higher osteoclast numbers and activity (P < 0.05). The amount of new bone formation following resorption was 2.4- to 2.9-fold higher in normoglycemic vs. diabetic rats (P < 0.05). Diabetes also increased apoptosis and decreased the number of bone-lining cells, osteoblasts, and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (P < 0.05). Thus, diabetes caused a more persistent inflammatory response, greater loss of attachment and more alveolar bone resorption, and impaired new bone formation. The latter may be affected by increased apoptosis of bone-lining and PDL cells.

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2006-06-01
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Journal of Dental Research
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At the time of publication, author Dana Graves was affiliated with the Boston University School of Dental Medicine. Currently, he is a faculty member in the Penn Dental School at the University of Pennsylvania.
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